Ind AS 7 – Statement of cash flows, Applicability, Scope, Objective

Ind AS 7 Statement of Cash Flows – Ind AS 7 prescribes principles and guidance on preparation and presentation of cash flows of an entity from operating, investing and financing activities for a reporting period. The objective of Ind AS 7 is to provide information about the historical changes in cash and cash equivalents of an entity during the reporting period from its operating, investing and financing activities.

Cash flows are inflows and outflows of cash and cash equivalents. Cash comprises cash on hand and demand deposits. Cash equivalents are shortterm, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. Cash and cash equivalents include demand deposits, certain short-term investments and in some cases, bank overdrafts.

Information about the cash flows of an entity is useful in providing users of financial statements with a basis to assess the ability of the entity to generate cash and cash equivalents and the needs of the entity to utilise those cash flows. The economic decisions that are taken by users require an evaluation of the ability of an entity to generate cash and cash equivalents and the timing and certainty of their generation.

Ind AS 7 Statement of Cash Flows

Key Requirements of Ind AS 7

The statement of cash flows is required to report cash flows classified by operating, investing and financing activities along with the components of cash and cash equivalents at the beginning and end of the reporting period, except in limited circumstances where cash flows are offset and reported on net basis.

Applicability –

Cash flow statement is applicable to all the companies and there is no exemption available to any type of entity from preparation and presentation of the cash flow statement  but as per existing AS this statement is not mandatory for small and medium enterprises.

Scope –

An entity shall prepare a statement of cash flows in accordance with the requirement of this standard and shall present it as an integral part of its financial statements for each period for which financial statements are prepared.

Definitions

Operating Activities –

are the principal revenue-producing activities of the entity and other activities that are not investing or financing activities.

Examples –

• Cash receipts from sale of goods or rendering of services;
• Cash receipts from royalties, fees, commissions and other revenue;
• Cash payments to suppliers for goods and services

4.An entity may hold securities and loans for dealing or trading purposes, in which they are similar to inventory acquired specifically for resale. Therefore, cash flows arising from the purchase and sale of dealing or trading securities are classified as operating activities.

Notes – Cash payment to manufacture or acquire assets held for rental to others and subsequently held for sale as described in para 68A of Ind AS 16, as cash flows from operating activities. The cash receipts from rents and subsequent sales of such assets are also cash flow from operating activities.

Investing Activities –

are the acquisition and disposal of long-term assets and other investments not included in cash and cash equivalents.

Example –

• Cash payment to acquire property, plant and equipment, intangibles and other long-term assets
• Cash receipts from sale of property, plant and equipment, intangibles
• Cash payment to acquire equity or debt instruments
• Cash advances and loans made to other parties
• Cash payment for future contracts, forward contracts, option contracts

Financing Activities –

are activities that result in changes in the size and composition of the contributed equity and borrowings of the entity.

Example –

• Cash proceeds from issuing of share or other equity instruments
• Cash payment to owners to acquire or redeem the equity’s shares
• Cash proceeds from issuing debentures, loans, notes, bonds, mortgages
• Cash repayments of amount borrowed and
• Cash repayment by lessee for the reduction of the outstanding liability

Note –

Cash flows arising from the operating, investing or financing activities may be reported on net basis.

Foreign Currency Cash Flows

Cash flows arising from transactions in a foreign currency shall be recorded in an entity’s functional currency by applying to the foreign currency amount the exchange rate between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the date of the cash flow.

The cash flows of a foreign subsidiary shall be translated at the exchange rates between the functional currency and the foreign currency at the dates of the cash flows.

Note – Unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in foreign currency exchange rates are not cash.

Others

Interest & Dividend–

Cash flows from interest and dividends received and paid shall each be disclosed separately.

In case of financial institutions – cash flow arising from interest paid and interest and dividend received should be classified as cash flow arising from operating activities.

In case of other entities –

• Interest paid should be classified as part of financing activities.
• Interest and dividend received should be classified as part of investing activities.
• Dividend paid should be classified as part of financing activities.

Cash flows arising from taxes on income shall be separately disclosed and shall be classified as part of operating activities unless they can be separately identified with investing and financing activities.

Investing and financial transactions that do not require the use of cash or cash equivalents shall be excluded from a statement of cash flows.

Example –

• a.The acquisition of assets either by assuming directly liabilities or by means of a finance lease
• b.The acquisition of an entity by means of an equity issue
• c.The conversion of debt into equity

(Jo Journal Voucher Me Record Hoti Hai)

Cash and cash equivalents

An entity shall disclose the components of cash and cash equivalents and shall present a reconciliation of the amounts in its statement of cash flows with equivalent items reported in the balance sheet.

An entity shall disclose, together with a commentary by management, the amount of significant cash and cash equivalents held by the entity that are restricted for specific purposes.

An entity shall disclose the following changes in liabilities arising from financing activities:

• (a) changes from financing cash flows;
• (b) changes arising from obtaining or losing control of subsidiaries or other businesses;
• (c) the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates;
• (d) changes in fair values; and
• (e) other changes

The above disclosures also apply to changes in financial assets (for example, assets that hedge liabilities arising from financing activities) if cash flows from those financial assets were, or future cash flows will be, included in cash flows from financing activities.

An entity may provide reconciliation between the opening and closing balances in the balance sheet for liabilities arising from financing activities, including the changes identified as mentioned above.

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities

An entity shall provide disclosures that enable users of financial statements to evaluate changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, including both changes arising from cash flows and non-cash changes.

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